Permanent waving device



Aug- 1, 1939 D. LAKENBACH 2,168,219

PERMANENT WAVING DEVICE Filed Oct. 2; 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ugv1, 1939- D. LAKE-NBACH 2,168,219

PERMANENT WAVINQ DEVICE Filed Oct. 2, 19.15"?v 2 Shets-Shet 2 ih [nu I Patented Aug. 1, 1939 .UNITED STATES PATENT oFFicE y 2,168,219 PERMANENT WAVING DEVICE Daniel Lakenbach, Norwich, Conn.

Application october 2, 1937, serial No.

' 19 Claims. (Cl. 13a-736.2)

The invention relates to devices used in the art of imparting a wave or curl to human hair, which art is commonly referred to as permanent waving. More particularly, the invention relates to a sachet or similar device employed in that -1 branch of the art of permanent waving in which the permanent waving is accomplished without the use of electricity, heating elements, and cumbersome associated apparatus.

In the art of permanent waving, without the use of electricity, the heat necessary for imparting the wave or curl to the human hair is obtained by a device, generally a pad, which comprises an envelope attached to a backing of aluminum foil, the envelope containing a mixture of been curled upon a rod ad enveloped by thepad. object theelimination of the manifold disadvantages of a 'fI'he present invention has for its device suchas just described, including the use of powdered chemicals and the deterioration thereof, and is designed to provide a'permanent Waving sachet the use of which insures a uniform heat being developed of the particular order necessary for the type of hair being waved.

"In its broadest aspect, the present invention comprises a permanent waving sachet formed by.

an envelope of glassine or similar paper material into which is place'd a: plurality of sheets of soft pliable metal material, for instance, aluminum foil, in such position'that an absorbent pad, pre-A viously impregnated with certain chemicals, may be conveniently inserted between plies of the metal foil within the envelope, after such padhas been dipped into a solution, and the sachet thusv formed, appropriately folded /v to constitute a sealed, thereafter-.placed over the tress of hair to be waved Wound upon a curler in the usual manner.-

The object of the invention is to provide. such a permanent Waving sachet of simple and inexpensive construction, necessitating a minimum of effort on the part of the operator to make the same ready for application to the head, a minimum of e'ort and necessary experience in applyline 3 8 of characteristics of a `been impregnated with a mixture of chemicals as hereinafter 'more steamproof steaming chamber, and'V ing the same in position for its utilization, and which will perform its intended and desired hair waving function with speed, accuracy, and certainty.

A particular embodiment of myinvention is 5 illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a plan view of a blank of material such as glassinepaper, of which the envelope of the sachet is to be formed; Fig. 2 is a plan view of a plurality of sheets of aluminum foil 10 to be used in conjunction with my sachet; Fig. 3

is a view similar to Fig. 1 of the blank with the plurality of sheets. of aluminum foil folded and placed in position upon such blank; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the envelope with the blank folded l5 and the aluminum foil in position to receive the chemically impregnated pad; Fig. 5 is a plan view of the chemically impregnated pad; Fig. 6 ,illustrates the manner in which the pad is to be inserted by the operator into the envelope;

flap folded over the pad; Fig..8 is a\section on the side portion and the upper end folded into position; Fig. 10 is a section on the line III-II) of Fig. 9; and Fig. 11 shows the permanent waving sachet curved to fl't the curler upon which it is to be placed.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, in A:iu-

which-,similar reference characters identify similar parts in the several views, I2'is a blank of glassine paper or material of similar characteristies, one edge portion of which at I3 is provided with glue, the blank having a depending portion 35 I4.' In Fig. 2 is illustrated aplurality, in the particular. embodiment illustrated three, of sheets of a soft pliable metal material, for instance, aluminumfoil I5.

A pad of an absorbent material,

blotting paper, I6, whichhas particularlyv described, is proevided at one corner thereof, I1, With'a wax coating which may be applied to such. corner by dip- 45 ping the pad into molten wax.

In assembling' my novel permanent waving sachet, the plurality of,A aluminum folds I5 are folded over along their. median line folded-over sheets are then placed upon the blank I 2 so as to occupy a position bounded on the bottom of the aluminum foil by the fold line I ilv ofthe blank I2 and on one of its edges by the edge of the glued portion I3 of the I 8 and such blank. After the' aluminum foil has been placed 554 Fig. 7 20 shows the pad inserted into the envelope and the Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a plan view of the completed permanent waving sachet after Vthe portion have been 25 having the 40 "n position III) in such position, the tab portion I4 of the blank I2 is folded over upon the fold line I9 as shown in Fig. 4, the ap I3 being adhesively secured by the glue to the surface of the tab I4. The upper right-hand end corner of the tab I4 is then folded upon the fold line 20 (see Fig. 3) so that such corner 2I extends from the plane of the sachet as illustrated in Fi'g. 4, with the corner portion of the aluminum foil likewise folded over.

The permanent waving sachet is delivered to the consumer in its condition illustrated in Fig. 4 and is to be used conjointly with the impregnated pad I6 as follows:

After the impregnated pad I6 has been immersed for a period of a few seconds, usually becorner I1 thereof,the permanent waving sachet is held in the left-hand as illustrated in Fig. 6 and the impregnated pad is inserted between the folded sections of the aluminum foil I5 until such pad assumes a position between the elements of the pad as illustrated in Fig. '7. Thereafter the corner 2| of the tab I4 is folded back upon the fold line 20 so as to lie flush against thepad I6.

The sachet is then prepared for application to the curler by folding the edge portion 22 along the line 23Y which is defined by the edge of the pad I6 and by thereafter folding the upper edge portion 24 over the upper edge of the pad I6, so as to obtain a completely sealed permanent waving sachet as illustrated in Fig. 9. The sachet may then be curved to the configuration shown 'in Fig. 11 in which condition it may be placed on the tress of hair wound upon a curler in the usual manner.

When the sachet, thus formed, has been positioned thus upon the tress of hair, an exothermic chemical reaction takes place between the` solution saturated pad, i. e., its impregnated chemicals, and the metallic foil, resulting in the development of suicient heat, of the necessary degree of temperature required to impart, to the tress of hair, a permanent wave.

It has long been recognized by those skilled in the art of permanent waving that different types 'of human hair require different strengths of solution for saturation of the pad, and that the degree of heat to be imparted thereto, as well as the duration of the heating period, is governed by the texture and nature of the hair. Thus, a ne" hair will require a greater degree of heat, and of more duration than a medium hair, and the latter less heat, both as to degree and duration of steaming, than a coarse hair. Also, in permanent waving a hair that has been bleached or dyed, particular care spect to these factors.

In accordance with my invention, it is extremely simple to take care of these matters of the utmost concern to the operator, by supplying such operator with four different types of impregnated pads, denoted, for instance, by different colors of pad for each of the four types of hair usually encountered in practice. Thus, the pad giving the least degree of heat, for a duration .of steaming suitable and proper for fecting a slightly greater heating for a slightly longer period of steaming, suitable for use on medium hair, may be supplied in a second color, and so on. The task of the operator. therefore, is reduced to the barest one, in which every such operator is skilled, of determining what type of hair is to `be waved, and then selecting the appropriate pad by its color.

tween 2 and 4, by grasping the same by the waxedl must be taken with refine hair, may be of one color, another pad, ef-

For the purpose of guiding those skilled in the art in carrying out my invention, and for the purpose of illustrating a particular embodiment of my invention, but without defining its-limits, I give hereinbelow specific data with respect to the qualitative and quantitative nature of the ingredients used by me in the manufacture of a permanent waving sachet which I have subjected to prolonged and conclusive tests(both with respect to` the chemical reactions involved, the amount and degrees of heat secured, and the ultimate results secured from the standpoint-of thehairdresser, i. e., the nature of the permanent wave imparted to the hair.

For impregnating the pad I6, for instance by an ordinary dipping process, I have found the following mixture most suitable and effective, the proportions being by weight:

Parts Mercurio chloride 21.25 Sodium nitrate 1.25 Sodiumhloride 2.50 Water 100.00

Grams Mercurio chloride 0.4 0.5 Sodium nitrate 0.06-0.07 Sodium chloride U12-0.14

While I have given, hereinabove, a specific example of suitable chemicals for use in the impregnation of the pad, in accordance with my invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art, that other chemicals, of the same or slightly different chemical properties, may be substituted therefor. The only requisite of the particular mixture of chemicals that may be used is that it shall be capable of entering into chemical reaction with the metal material with which, after moistening with the permanent wavingsolution, it is brought into contact and that such chemical reaction shall be an exothermic one. Thus, for

the mercuric chloride, there may be substituted a copper salt, for instance, copper sulphate, in which case potassium nitrate may be used in place of the sodium nitrate, and potassium chlorate added. For -excellent results I have found the following mixture most suitable: l

Parts Copper sulphate '1 .Potassium chlorate 'l Potassium nitrate r 1 Sodium chloride 1' the thickness of the plurality of plies the same as that of the pad. Of course, only one or more sheetspof foil may be used. 1.

In order to'give suiilcient access to oxygen of the atmosphere to reach the situs of the chem- 5 ical reaction, the sheets of metal foil may be provided with a. multiplicity of perforations. The length of heatingltime produced by the exothermic reactionis regulated by the thickness of the sheets oi.'- metal foil, the concentration of the 10 chemicals used in the mixture, and by insulation of the sachet, as with a porous material or asbestos.

The thickness of the paper constituting the blank for forming the envelope is approximately 16 0.026 nh. j

All of the above data is given by way of illustration rather than by way o1' limitation of the pregnated with a chemical mixture and adapted to be moistened by a solution' and to'be positioned between the foldedportions of the sheets'of the metallic foil, whereby, upon reaction betweenJthe moistened, rchemically impregnated, 4absorbent in juxtaposition with the sachet.

body and the foldedeover flap, and a pad of ab- 50 sorbent vmaterial impregnated with a chemical mixture and adapted to be moistened by a solution and to be positioned between thefolded nu 3.'A sachet for permanent ,waving without the use of electricity comprising an envelope of paper, avplurality of sheets of thi j along a median line of such `sheets and inserted sachet. A

4. A sachet for permanent waving without' the use of electricity comprising an envelope of paper tions.

waving without the use be moistened A metallic foil constituting a Y "3 or similar materialy formedof a blank having a depending flap and having one of its edges provupon the blank body,` a plurality of sheets of thin aluminum foil positioned within the envelope, and a pad 'of absorbent material impregnated with a chemical mixture and positioned between sheets of the aluminum foil, whereby, upon thereactlon between the chemically impregnated absorbent material, when the pad is moistened' with a solution, and the metallic foil material, there will be produced an amount of heat sufficient to impart a permanent wave to human hair placed in juxtaposition With the sachet.A f

' .5. A sachet for permanent waving as lclaimed in claim 1, in which the sheets of thin metallic foil are provided with a multiplicity of perfora- 6. A sachet'for permanent waving as claimed in claim 3, in which foil have been perforated.

7. The combination, in a sachet for permanent wavingwithout the use of electricity,

lic material. l

8. The combination, in a sachet f or permanent waving without the use of electricity,. of an enpermanent wave to envelope.

9. 'I'he combination, in a sachet for permanent of electricity, of an envelope, and ay pad of absorbent material impregnated `with a sheath for seid pad, upon reaction between the moistened.

use of electricity comprising an envelope, a sheet of thin metallic foil, and a pad of absorbent with a chemical mixture.

plded sheet of.

the sheets of thin metallic` which, upon beingl moistened with'water and brought into contact with the metallic foil, will cause an exothermic reaction between the chemicals and thermetal with the production of an 'amount of heat suicient to impart a permanent wave to a tress of human hair to which such sachet is applied.

14. The combination, 1n a sachet for permanent waving without the use of electricity, of an envelope, a sheet of metallic material, and a pad impregnated with a mixture of chemicals which chemical mixture, upon the pad being moistened with water and brought into contact with said metallic material, enters into an exothermic reaction with said metallic material.

the use of electricity, comprising an envelope, a sheet of thin metallic foil folded along a median line and inserted, in such folded condition, within the envelope, and a pad impregnated with a chemical mixture and' adapted to be moistened by water and to be positioned between the folded vportions of the sheet of metallic foil, whereby, upon reaction between the moistened, chemically impregnated, absorbent pad and the metallic foil material, there will be produced an amount of heat suicient to impart a permanent wave to With the an Iexothermic chemical l5. A sachet for permanent waving without- 17. The combination, in a sachet for'permanent waving without the use of electricity, of an envelope, at least one folded sheet of thin metal foil, and a sheet of absorbent material-impregnated with a chemical mixture, and sheathed in said folded sheetv of foil, which pad of absorbent material, upon wetting with water, enters into reaction with the material constituting such foil.

18. As a new article of manufacture, a sachet for permanent waving, utilizing heat engendered exclusively by an exothermic chemical reaction within said sachet; said sachet comprising an en'velope in combination with a sheet of metallic material, and a pad of absorbent material interfolded and confined within said envelope, when ready for use; said absorbent pad being made of a sheet material with a mixture of chemicals and to be moistened, whereby said exothermic` reaction is'propagated throughout the interolded pad and' metallic m'aterial, and said sachet is made effective for said permanent waving.

19. The combination, in a sachet for permanent waving, utilizing heat engendered exclusively by an exothermic chemical reaction within said sachet; of an envelope made of a material possessing a heat-retentive characteristic, a sheet ofV metallic material and a pad interfoldedv and con/fined within said'envelope, when ready for use, said pad being made of absorbent material adapted to be impregnatedwi'th a mixture of chemicals and to be moistened, preparatory to adapted to be impregnated diffusion of said chemicals in dissolved, reactive condition throughout an area of the interfolded.

pad and metallic material adequate to propagate said exothermic reaction and to apply the resultant heat for effecting said permanent waving.

DANIEL LAKENBACH. 

